As VEE has not occurred in the U. Reports of equine cases of arboviral i. ArboNet captures laboratory-confirmed positive cases in humans, horses, other mammals, birds and mosquitoes across the United States.
Equine case-finding varies by State, but primarily relies on passive reporting from private practitioners and diagnostic submissions. In some States, reporting is mandatory. Error: Javascript is disabled in this browser. This page requires Javascript. Modify your browser's settings to allow Javascript to execute.
There is currently no vaccine for humans. While the role of non-avian vertebrates in the transmission cycle of EEEV is unclear, a study in indicated that snakes in the wild may harbor the virus through winter hibernation acting as a bridge to the next season. The virus is capable of infecting mammals, birds, amphibians and reptiles. The virus causes severe illness in humans and horses, although both are considered "dead-end" hosts for the virus, as the viral load is insufficient to be transmitted to mosquitoes, furthering the spread of disease.
Aedes spp. In addition to horses, other animals such as ratites emus and ostriches and camelids alpacas and llamas can also be impacted by Eastern Equine Encephalitis infection. Emus in particular are highly vulnerable to infection and exposure to body fluids particularly feces, saliva, and blood from infected birds can lead to additional birds and people to become sick.
For individuals in in contact with sick emus, consult with your veterinarian right away and limit contact with the birds. Anyone working with emus that might be infected with Eastern Equine Encephalitis should always use proper personal protective equipment. This includes wearing disposable or washable outerwear, shoe covers, gloves, face shield, and an N95 fit-tested respirator. The virus can be found in the eastern, Gulf and north-central areas of the United States. It is also in regions of Central and South America and the Caribbean.
Most activity occurs between May and August but it can be seen throughout the year in Florida. Typically one or two human cases are reported each year in Florida range The state averages over 60 reported cases of equine EEE each year. In years when conditions favor the spread of the EEE, the number of reported equine cases can exceed EEEV is not believed to have the potential to cause a human epidemic in Florida.
Eastern Equine Encephalitis is a rare disease that is spread to horses and humans by infected mosquitoes. It is among the most serious of a group of mosquito-borne virus diseases that can affect the central nervous system and cause severe complications and even death.
Similar diseases are Western Equine Encephalitis, St. Louis Encephalitis, and LaCrosse Encephalitis. Eastern Equine Encephalitis is an arbovirus. Arbovirus is short for arthropod-borne virus. Arboviruses are a large group of viruses that are spread by certain invertebrate animals arthropods , most commonly blood-sucking insects.
In the United States, arboviruses are spread mainly by infected mosquitoes. Birds are the source of infection for mosquitoes, which can sometimes transmit the infection to horses, other animals and, in rare cases, people. In the United States, most cases have been reported from the eastern seaboard states, the Gulf Coast and some inland Midwestern areas.
The Eastern Equine Encephalitis virus has a complex life cycle involving birds and a specific type of mosquito, Culiseta melanura , that lives in marshes and swamps. These mosquitoes feed only on birds; they do not feed on humans and other mammals.
In rare cases, however, the virus can escape from its marsh habitat in other mosquitoes that feed on both birds and mammals including horses and humans. Browsers that can not handle javascript will not be able to access some features of this site. Some functions of this site are disabled for browsers blocking jQuery. Where is EEE a risk in Michigan?
Why am I not able to opt-out of EEE aerial treatment this year? The symptoms of neurologic illness can include high fever, headache, irritability, restlessness, drowsiness, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, bluish discoloration of the skin, convulsions, and coma. Serious illness can occur in people of any age. However, children and people over 60 years of age are at the greatest risk for severe disease. People with certain medical conditions, such as cancer, diabetes, hypertension, kidney disease, and people who have received organ transplants, are also at greater risk for serious illness.
Recovery from severe disease may take several weeks or months. Of those who recover, many are left with disabling and progressive mental and physical sequelae, which include can range from minimal brain dysfunction to severe intellectual impairment, personality disorders, seizures, paralysis, and cranial nerve dysfunction. Many patients with severe sequelae die within a few years. About 30 percent of people who develop neurologic infection due to Eastern Equine Encephalitis will die.
Picaridin and oil of lemon eucalyptus are other repellent options. Learn more about insect repellent options. Drainage — Check around your home to rid of standing water, which is where mosquitoes can lay their eggs. Public Health. Share this page: Facebook Twitter.
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