We, the undersigned Chiefs and Headmen of the Cree and other Bands of Indians, having had communication of the treaty, a copy of which is printed in the report of the Minister of the Interior for the year ending 30th June, , concluded at Forts Carlton and Pitt between the Indians inhabiting the country described in said treaty, and Her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain and Ireland, by Her Commissioners, the Honourable Alexander Morris, Lieutenant-Governor of Manitoba and the North-west Territories, the Honourable W.
Christie and the Honourable James McKay, but not having been present when the negotiations were being conducted at the above mentioned places, do hereby for ourselves, and the Bands which we represent, agree to all the terms, conditions, covenants and engagements of whatever kind enumerated in the said treaty and accept the same as if we had been present, and had consented and agreed to the same when the treaty was first signed and executed.
Witness our hands at Fort Pitt, this ninth day of August, in the year of Our Lord one thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven. And we hereby agree to accept the several benefits, payments and reserves promised to the Indians under the Chiefs adhering to the said treaty at Fort Pitt; and solemnly engage to abide by, carry out and fulfil all the stipulations, obligations and conditions therein contained, on the part of the Chiefs and Indians therein named to be observed and performed, and in all things to conform to the articles of the said treaty, as if we ourselves and the Band which we represent had been originally contracting parties thereto, and been present at the councils held near Fort Pitt, and had there attached our signatures to the said treaty.
The undersigned Chiefs and Headmen of the Cree Nation having had communication of the treaty concluded between Her Majesty the Queen by Her Commissioners and certain Chiefs of the Cree Nation at Fort Pitt on the 9th day of September, , agree to surrender our title to all the lands in the North-west Territories and to abide by all the promises set forth in the said treaty, on condition that all the payments, reserves of land, and promises named therein are secured to us by Her Majesty.
And the undersigned Superintendent of Indian Affairs for the North-west Territories on behalf of Her Majesty agrees that all the payments, reserves and promises named in the said treaty to be made to each Cree Chief and his Band shall be faithfully made and carried out to the Chiefs who have subscribed to this memorandum and to their people. We, the undersigned Chief and Headmen of the Plain Stony Tribe of Indians, having had communication of the treaty made and concluded near Carlton on the twenty-third and twenty-eighth days of August respectively, and near Fort Pitt on the ninth day of September, one thousand eight hundred and seventy-six, between Her Majesty the Queen by Her Commissioners, and the Plain and Wood Crees and other Tribes of Indians, inhabitants of the country named therein, hereby for ourselves and the Band which we represent, in consideration of the provisions of the said treaty being extended to our Band, cede, transfer, surrender and relinquish to Her Majesty the Queen, Her heirs and successors, to and for the use of the Government of the Dominion of Canada, all our right, title and privileges whatsoever to all lands in the North-west Territories, or elsewhere in Her Majesty's dominions, to have and to hold the same unto and to the use of Her said Majesty the Queen, Her heirs and successors forever.
And we hereby agree to accept the several provisions, payments and reserves of the said treaty as therein stated, and solemnly promise and engage to abide by and carry out all the stipulations and obligations therein contained, on the part of said Chiefs and Indians therein named to be observed and performed, and in all things to conform to the articles of the said treaty, as if we ourselves and our Band had originally been contracting parties thereto.
And Her Majesty the Queen, by Her representative, the Honourable David Laird, Indian Superintendent of the North-west Territories, agrees that all the payments and provisions named in the said treaty to be made to each Chief and his Band shall be faithfully made and fulfilled to the aforesaid Chief and his Band.
We, the undersigned Chiefs and Headmen of the Wood Cree Tribe of Indians, having had communication of the treaty made and concluded near Carlton on the twenty-third and twenty-eighth days of August, respectively, and near Fort Pitt on the ninth day of September, one thousand eight hundred and seventy-six, between Her Majesty the Queen, by Her Commissioners, and the Plain and Wood Cree and other Tribes of Indians, inhabitants of the country named therein, hereby for ourselves and the Bands which we represent, in consideration of the provisions of the said treaty being extended to our Bands, cede, transfer, surrender and relinquish to Her Majesty the Queen, Her heirs and successors, to and for the use of Her Government of the Dominion of Canada, all our right, title and privileges whatsoever to all lands in the North-west Territories or elsewhere in Her Majesty's Dominions, to have and to hold the same unto and to the use of Her said Majesty the Queen, Her heirs and successors forever.
And we hereby agree to accept the several provisions, payments and reserves of the said treaty as therein stated, and solemnly promise and engage to abide by and carry out all the stipulations and obligations therein contained, on the part of said Chiefs and Indians therein named to be observed and performed, and in all things to conform to the articles of the said treaty, as if we ourselves and our Bands had originally been contracting parties thereto.
And Her Majesty the Queen, by Her representative, the Honourable David Laird, Indian Superintendent of the North-west Territories, agrees that all the payments and provisions named in the said treaty to be made to each Chief and his Band shall be faithfully made and fulfilled to the aforesaid Chiefs and their Bands. We, the undersigned Indian Chief and Headmen, having had communication of the treaty made and concluded at Forts Carlton and Pitt in the summer of , but not having been present at the conferences at which said treaty was negotiated, hereby agree to accept the terms and conditions of the said treaty and to abide thereby, in the same manner as if we had been present at the time the said treaty was first signed.
Whereas, Min-a-he-quo-sis, or Little Pine, a Cree Chief, on behalf of his Band and certain other Cree Indians, comprising twenty lodges, inhabitants of the country covered by the treaty commonly known as "Treaty No. And the Plain and Wood Cree Tribes of Indians of the other part, at Carlton, on the twenty-third and twenty-eighth days of August, and near Fort Pitt on the ninth day of September, in the year of Our Lord one thousand eight hundred and seventy-six, who have not yet given in their adhesion to the said treaty, have presented themselves to Edgar Dewdney, Esquire, Indian Commissioner for the North-west Territories, and expressed a desire to join in the said treaty.
And whereas the said Commissioner has recognized the said "Little Pine" as the Headman of his Band, and the said Band of twenty lodges have selected and appointed Pap-a-way, "The Lucky Man," one of their number as the Headman of their Band, and have presented him as such to the said Commissioner, who has recognized and accepted him as such Headman;.
And do hereby agree to accept the several benefits, payments and reserves promised to the Indians adhering to the said treaty at Carlton and Fort Pitt on the dates above mentioned; and further, do solemnly engage to abide by, carry out and fulfil all the stipulations, obligations and conditions contained on the part of the Indians therein named, to be observed and performed, and in all things to conform to the articles of the said treaty, as if the said "Little Pine" and Pap-a-way or "the Lucky Man," and the Bands whom they represent had been originally contracting parties thereto, and had been present at the treaty at Carlton and Fort Pitt, and had there attached their signatures to the said treaty.
To have and to hold the same unto and for the use of Her Majesty the Queen, Her heirs and successors forever. And do hereby agree to accept the several benefits, payments and reserves promised to the Indians, adhering to the said treaty at Carlton and Fort Pitt on the dates above mentioned; and further, do solemnly engage to abide by, carry out and fulfil all the stipulations, obligations and conditions contained on the part of the Indians therein named, to be observed and performed, and in all things to conform to the articles of the said treaty as if the said "Big Bear" and the Band which he represents had been originally contracting parties thereto, and had been present at the treaty at Carlton and Fort Pitt, and had then attached his signature to the said treaty as Chief of the said Band.
Hall Henry Stelfox J. McIlroy B. Kent Gooderham L. Sorenson Joe Deschamps Sam S. John Muskeg , also called Barp[?
NOW THEREFORE we the said Chief and Headmen hereby for ourselves and the Indians whom we represent, in consideration of the provisions of the said treaty being extended to us and the Indians whom we represent, cede, transfer, surrender and relinquish to His Majesty the King, His heirs and successors, forever, all our right, title and privileges whatsoever to all lands in His Majesty's Dominions;.
AND we hereby agree to accept the several provisions, payments and reserves of the said treaty as therein stated, and solemnly promise and engage to abide by and carry out all the stipulations and obligations therein contained, to be observed and performed by the Chiefs and Indians therein named, and in all things to conform to the articles of the said treaty, as if we ourselves and the Indians whom we represent had originally been contracting parties thereto;.
AND His Majesty the King, by his representative, aforesaid, agrees that all the payments and provisions named in the said treaty to be made to each Chief and his Band shall be faithfully made and fulfilled to the aforesaid Chief and Headmen and the Indians whom they represent;.
Signed at Witchekan Lake on the twenty-first day of November , by His Majesty's Commissioner and the Chief and Headmen representing the Band or group of Cree Indians comprising some fourteen families located on the Witchekan Lake Indian Reserve in the Province of Saskatchewan, in the presence of the undersigned witnesses after having been first interpreted and explained.
McLeod J. Warden N. Suiers , M. Gran R. McDonald C. Annie Bear J. AND we hereby agree to accept the several provisions, payments and reserves of the said treaty as therein stated, and solemnly promise and engage to abide by and carry out all the stipulations and obligations therein contained, to be observed and performed by the Chiefs and Indians therein named, and in all things to conform to the articles of the said treaty, as if we ourselves had originally been contracting parties thereto;.
AND Her Majesty the Queen, by Her representative, aforesaid, agrees that all the payments and provisions named in the said treaty to be made to each Chief and his Band shall be faithfully made and fulfilled to the aforesaid Indians.
Signed at Cochin on the 18th day of August , by Her Majesty's Commissioner and the Indians of the Saulteaux Band comprising some families located on the Saulteaux Indian Reserve in the Province of Saskatchewan, in the presence of the undersigned witnesses after having been first interpreted and explained. Harvey J. Bell Wm. Cockburn Wm.
Cockburn H. Bell H. Bell T. Fraser T. Fraser Alex Martell. Alex Kacheech , his x mark. Bell T Fraser A. Rae A. Rae Wm. Cockburn A. Signed at Cochin on the 15th day of May , by the following members of the Saulteaux Indian Band in the Province of Saskatchewan in the presence of the undersigned witnesses, after having been first interpreted and explained. RW Berggren J. Warden J. Warden Wm.
Cockburn Joe Martel Joe Martel. Source: Treaty No. Selection of input documents and completion of metadata: Gordon Lyall. Location: or near Fort Carlton. Location: Fort Pitt. Number of times this person appears in the documents: 2 Debates and documents Treaty texts 23 August Abbott, W.
This individual participated in: as a representative for witness; Sergeant-Major, N. Treaty 6. Location: Fort Walsh. Location: signed near Fort Pitt. Number of times this person appears in the documents: 2 Debates and documents Treaty texts 23 August Alexander, H. This individual participated in: as a representative for witness; Sergt. Location: Montreal Lake. Number of times this person appears in the documents: 2 Debates and documents Treaty texts 23 August Alloway, C.
Location: Rocky Mountain House. Number of times this person appears in the documents: 2 Debates and documents Treaty texts 23 August Badger, John This individual participated in: as a representative for Carlton First Nations Councillor of John Smith Treaty 6.
Number of times this person appears in the documents: 2 Debates and documents Treaty texts 23 August Badger, William This individual participated in: as a representative for Carlton First Nations Councillor of John Smith Treaty 6. Location: Battleford. Location: Carlton. Location: Lac du Brochet. Location: Witchekan Lake. Number of times this person appears in the documents: 2 Debates and documents Treaty texts 23 August Bear, James This individual participated in: as a representative for Carlton First Nations Councillor of John Smith Treaty 6.
Number of times this person appears in the documents: 2 Debates and documents Treaty texts 23 August Beaverbones, James This individual participated in: as a representative for Chippewa Indian, located at Rocky Mountain House chief? Number of times this person appears in the documents: 2 Debates and documents Treaty texts 23 August Bell, A.
Location: Cochin. Number of times this person appears in the documents: 2 Debates and documents Treaty texts 23 August Bell, Harvey J. Number of times this person appears in the documents: 2 Debates and documents Treaty texts 23 August Benjamin This individual participated in: as a representative for Carlton First Nations Councillor of Ah-tuk-uk-koop Treaty 6. Number of times this person appears in the documents: 2 Debates and documents Treaty texts 23 August Besggren, R.
This individual participated in: as a representative for witness; Cst. Number of times this person appears in the documents: 2 Debates and documents Treaty texts 23 August Bhanz, B. Number of times this person appears in the documents: 3 Debates and documents Alexander Morris's narrative of numbered Treaty negotiations April to September Treaty texts 23 August Bird, Benjamin This individual participated in: as a representative for Wood Cree First Nations Councillor of William Charles' band Conseiller de la bande de William Charles Treaty 6.
Number of times this person appears in the documents: 2 Debates and documents Treaty texts 23 August Brimmis, Joseph This individual participated in: as a representative for Chippewa Indian, located at Rocky Mountain House chief? Number of times this person appears in the documents: 2 Debates and documents Treaty texts 23 August Brimmis, Thomas This individual participated in: as a representative for Chippewa Indian, located at Rocky Mountain House chief?
Number of times this person appears in the documents: 2 Debates and documents Treaty texts 23 August Bulmer, Sam S. Location: Edmonton.
Number of times this person appears in the documents: 2 Debates and documents Treaty texts 23 August Cadien, Pierre This individual participated in: as a representative for Carlton First Nations Councillor of Mis-to-wa-sis Treaty 6.
Number of times this person appears in the documents: 2 Debates and documents Treaty texts 23 August Calistrois, Michel This individual participated in: as a representative for Cree Indian Chief Chef Treaty 6.
Number of times this person appears in the documents: 2 Debates and documents Treaty texts 23 August Catellier, L. Location: the Blackfoot Crossing of the Bow River. Number of times this person appears in the documents: 2 Debates and documents Treaty texts 23 August Chakasee This individual participated in: as a representative for Chippewa Indian, located at Rocky Mountain House chief? Number of times this person appears in the documents: 2 Debates and documents Treaty texts 23 August Charles, Amos This individual participated in: as a representative for Wood Cree First Nations Councillor of James Roberts' band Treaty 6.
Number of times this person appears in the documents: 2 Debates and documents Treaty texts 23 August Charles, Joseph This individual participated in: as a representative for Wood Cree First Nations Councillor of James Roberts' band Treaty 6. Number of times this person appears in the documents: 2 Debates and documents Treaty texts 23 August Image source : Archives of Manitoba Christie, William Joseph This individual participated in: as a representative for Indian Commissioner, Esquire Commissaire des Indiens Treaty 4.
Location: Qu'Appelle. Location: Fort Ellice. Location: Qu'Appelle Lakes. Treaty 4. Location: Swan Lake. Number of times this person appears in the documents: 6 Debates and documents Alexander Morris's narrative of numbered Treaty negotiations August to September April to September Treaty texts 15 September 23 August Image source : Electric Canadian forces Clark, E.
Dalrymple This individual participated in: as a representative for witness; Adj. P Treaty 6. Treaty 7. Location: the "Blackfoot Crossing" of the Bow River.
Location: Fort MacLeod. Number of times this person appears in the documents: 4 Debates and documents Treaty texts 23 August 22 September Clarke, L.
Number of times this person appears in the documents: 2 Debates and documents Treaty texts 23 August Cockburn, W. Number of times this person appears in the documents: 2 Debates and documents Treaty texts 23 August Constant, Bernard This individual participated in: as a representative for Carlton First Nations Councillor of James Smith Treaty 6. Number of times this person appears in the documents: 2 Debates and documents Treaty texts 23 August Cotton, John This individual participated in: as a representative for witness, Lt.
Canadian Artillery Treaty 4. Number of times this person appears in the documents: 4 Debates and documents Treaty texts 15 September 23 August Daychief, James This individual participated in: as a representative for Chippewa Indian, located at Rocky Mountain House chief?
Number of times this person appears in the documents: 2 Debates and documents Treaty texts 23 August Daychief, Thomas This individual participated in: as a representative for Chippewa Indian, located at Rocky Mountain House chief? This individual participated in: as a representative for witness, Private Secy. Number of times this person appears in the documents: 3 Debates and documents [no legislature found] to Treaty texts 23 August Eyes, Jim Yellow This individual participated in: as a representative for Cree Indian, located by the Baptiste River headman?
Number of times this person appears in the documents: 2 Debates and documents Treaty texts 23 August Forget, A. Number of times this person appears in the documents: 2 Debates and documents Treaty texts 23 August Fraser, T. Number of times this person appears in the documents: 2 Debates and documents Treaty texts 23 August French, John This individual participated in: as a representative for witness; Sub-Inspector, N.
Number of times this person appears in the documents: 2 Debates and documents Treaty texts 23 August Genton, Joseph This individual participated in: MB Convention of 40 as a representative for St.
Location: signed near Fort Carlton. Number of times this person appears in the documents: 6 Debates and documents Convention of 40 debates on Manitoba joining Confederation 2 February 5 February Treaty texts 23 August George, Wahpansee This individual participated in: as a representative for Saulteaux Band, at Saulteaux Indian Reserve chief? Location: near Fort Pitt. Number of times this person appears in the documents: 2 Debates and documents Treaty texts 23 August Gooderham, G.
Number of times this person appears in the documents: 2 Debates and documents Treaty texts 23 August Gopher, Alex This individual participated in: as a representative for Saulteaux Band, at Saulteaux Indian Reserve chief? Number of times this person appears in the documents: 2 Debates and documents Treaty texts 23 August Gopher, Annie This individual participated in: as a representative for Saulteaux Band, at Saulteaux Indian Reserve chief?
Number of times this person appears in the documents: 2 Debates and documents Treaty texts 23 August Gopher, Bill This individual participated in: as a representative for Saulteaux Band, at Saulteaux Indian Reserve chief? Number of times this person appears in the documents: 2 Debates and documents Treaty texts 23 August Gopher, Clara This individual participated in: as a representative for Saulteaux Band, at Saulteaux Indian Reserve chief? Number of times this person appears in the documents: 2 Debates and documents Treaty texts 23 August Gopher, Jim This individual participated in: as a representative for Saulteaux Band, at Saulteaux Indian Reserve chief?
Number of times this person appears in the documents: 2 Debates and documents Treaty texts 23 August Gopher, Richard This individual participated in: as a representative for Saulteaux Band, at Saulteaux Indian Reserve chief? Number of times this person appears in the documents: 2 Debates and documents Treaty texts 23 August Goulet, R. The manager of the HBC post at Fort Carlton , Lawrence Clarke, wrote to government officials that same summer, alerting them that the Cree had also threatened to turn back telegraph workers who were trying to construct a line from Winnipeg to Edmonton.
The Cree made it clear that they would not tolerate any trespassers on their lands. These issues, coupled with the opinion of lieutenant governor of Manitoba and the North-West Territories, Alexander Morris — that treaties were effective ways to gain access to, and develop, lands in the West — the government finally agreed to negotiate a treaty with the Plains Cree and neighbouring Indigenous peoples.
The rest of the Cree assembled there three days later. Before negotiations began, the Cree performed a sacred pipe ceremony, in which the commissioners participated. Historians Arthur J. By participating, the leaders also took an oath to be truthful during the proceedings. On 19 August, Morris was presented with chiefs, but he noticed the absence of the Duck Lake band leaders.
The band had instead sent a messenger to attend the negotiations. This might be because he thought it was obvious that signing the treaty relinquished Indigenous title to the land, or because he did not think that he and his translators could convey the message to them clearly. He resented the notion completely — how could the government give them land that they already possessed?
It is ours and we will take what we want. However, Morris told the Cree that they would find themselves crowded by settlers unless they settled on reserves. The talks then adjourned, and the Indigenous leaders spoke in council for the next two days.
According to Erasmus, Mistawasis and Ahtukukoop essentially silenced Pitikwahanapiwiyin and other dissenters.
They believed that their people would suffer if they did not negotiate a treaty with the federal government. The days of bison hunting were coming to an end, and the Cree needed help adjusting to new modes of life; the treaty provided them with that opportunity.
Chiefs Ahtukukoop and Mistawasis held more influence in Cree political and social circles than Pitikwahanapiwiyin and, as a result, the other chiefs and leaders agreed that entering into a treaty with the Crown was the best option. On 23 August, the chiefs and commissioners negotiated the terms of the treaty. In addition to rights and provisions similarly enshrined in Treaties 1 to 5, Morris agreed to three terms brought forward by the chiefs that are not found in previous Numbered Treaties.
Morris knew that he was offering more than the government would have wanted, but he felt it necessary to finalize the deal. Once the amendments were made to the treaty text, negotiations came to a close. Treaty 6 was signed by the commissioners and the head chiefs of the Carlton bands on 23 August Four days later, Morris met with the Duck Lake band.
After explaining the treaty terms, the Duck Lake chiefs and headmen also signed the treaty. On 5 September, the commissioners arrived at Fort Pitt , where they were to negotiate the treaty with the Indigenous peoples there. Some, but not all, locals met them. Some were away, including Cree chief Mistahimaskwa Big Bear. Alexander Morris spoke to those present, promising to offer the same terms as at Fort Carlton. Chief Weekaskookwasayin Sweet Grass permitted Morris to explain those terms to the congregation.
The Indigenous leaders then held council for the rest of the day. They continued to deliberate for the next two days. On 9 September, Weekaskookwasayin addressed the people, arguing that the treaty terms would help preserve and protect their livelihood.
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